Análisis del acuerdo comercial entre Ecuador y la Unión Europea y su incidencia en el sector importador y exportador.

Abstract

The Multiparty Agreement between the European Union and Ecuador has aroused great interest from the Ecuadorian economic sector, as it is seen as an opportunity to improve the country's economy and its Trade Balance. This agreement dates back to 1960, with relations breaking down in 2014 and resuming in 2017. The present research aims to analyze the convenience of the agreement since its return in 2017 until 2023, with an emphasis on products exported and imported since 2019. The methodology used is descriptive, exploratory and non-experimental; researching scientific documents, books, web pages and official databases. The main database used is Trade Map, with which the inquiry was carried out in historical data on exports and imports by products and countries; making a BCG graph of exports and another of imports, a heat map of the Ecuadorian trade balance, as well as several descriptive statistics graphs. What was found is that the agreement has been beneficial for Ecuadorian exports and that the balance is positive, with Ecuador's strength being the export of commodities. However, its commercial peak is in 2020, and from there it has fallen by around 50%. As for imports from the EU, these have been strengthened over time; selling fewer commercial items, and leaving the most profitable ones, such as vehicles, machinery and medicine. It is concluded that the agreement must continue, seeking to differentiate itself with added value to the products and opening up to as many countries as possible that make up the European Union.