Evaluación de los factores sociales y modificadores de la periodontitis en la clínica odontológica.

Abstract

Introduction: Periodontal disease is recognized by the World Health Organization as one of the leading global oral health problems, negatively affecting people's quality of life, including masticatory function, appearance, and psychosocial well-being. Methodology: This observational, analytical, and cross-sectional study was conducted at the Dental Clinic of the Universidad Católica de Santiago de Guayaquil, with the aim of evaluating the influence of social and modifying factors on the progression of periodontitis. Sixty patients diagnosed with periodontal disease were included and evaluated based on their social factors (socioeconomic status, education, employment) and modifying factors (smoking and diabetes). Results: The results indicated that, although smoking and diabetes are not predominant in the studied population, these factors are critical in accelerating the progression of periodontitis. No statistically significant association was found between the evaluated social factors and the severity of periodontitis, suggesting that other factors, possibly biological or individual, may be influencing the disease's progression. Discussion: These findings contrast with the extensive existing literature suggesting that social factors are important determinants in the progression of periodontitis. Conclusion: The need to develop personalized periodontal treatment approaches that consider both clinical factors and the social circumstances of patients is emphasized, in order to improve treatment outcomes and long-term quality of life.