Prevalencia de las secuelas neuromusculoesqueléticas derivadas del tratamiento en pacientes oncológicos.

Abstract

Introduction: Neuromusculoskeletal injuries induced by cancer treatment are a complex problem that requires a preventive and comprehensive management approach. Early identification, adequate evaluation and timely intervention are essential to minimize the impact of these injuries on the quality of life of cancer patients. Objective: To analyze the prevalence of neuromusculoskeletal sequelae in cancer patients who received physiotherapy at the SOLCA General Hospital, during the period 2023 - 2024. Methodology: This study is descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional with a quantitative approach. The population universe of patients was 300, with the application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, a sample of 207 patients was reduced. Results: The female sex predominated with 80.67%, and the range with the highest incidence was 50 to 59 years. Carcinoma had the highest prevalence at 80.04% in the study group. The most common oncological treatment was a combination of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, accounting for 71.01%, with sequelae including lymphedema, upper limb limitation, and pain in 47.34% of cases. Conclusion: A high prevalence of neuromusculoskeletal sequelae was found in relation to oncological treatment and the type of cancer, affecting the quality of life of patients, presenting: pain, lymphedema, joint limitation and muscle weakness. These findings highlight the importance of prevention and physiotherapeutic intervention, which will help patients overcome oncological challenges, obtain independence and resilience, which is essential for a better quality of life.