Prevalencia de gastroenteritis aguda en niños menores de 5 años ingresados en un hospital de Guayaquil. Año 2022.

Abstract

Acute gastroenteritis is one of the most common diseases in the child population, especially in children under 5 years of age, which is characterized by inflammation of the stomach and intestine mucosa. Objective: Determine the prevalence of acute gastroenteritis in children under 5 years of age admitted to a Hospital in Guayaquil. Year 2022. Methodology: Descriptive study, quantitative method and retrospective cross-sectional design. Technique: Indirect observation. Instrument: Indirect observation matrix. Population: 190 children under 5 years of age with a diagnosis of acute gastroenteritis. Results: The sociodemographic characteristics were male 57.4%, between 2 to 3 years old 41%, from urban areas 89.5%, with a record of rotavirus vaccine application 24.7%. Regarding the clinical manifestations, fever was present in 71.6%, vomiting 64.2%, abdominal pain 60.5%, mucous-bloody stools 40.5%, diarrhea 35.8% and nausea 20.5%, tenesmus 10. ,5%. With complications of 77.4% hypovolemic shock, 20.0% necrotizing enterocolitis 17.4% septic shock, 7.9% acute kidney disease, 5.3% gastric perforation, 4.2% gastrointestinal bleeding and 3.7% hemorrhage digestive. The treatment scheme being parenteral hydration 81.1%, paracetamol/acetaminophen 75.8%, amoxicillin/sulbactam 55.3%, oral hydration 42.6%, omeprazole 28.4%, ampicillin 12.1% and cephalexin 3.7. %. Conclusion: The prevalence of acute gastroenteritis in children under 5 years of age during 2022 was 8.33%.