Factores de riesgo para infecciones de sitio quirúrgico en pacientes posteriores a apendicectomía en el Hospital General Monte Sinaí periodo enero 2022 a junio 2024.

Abstract

Introduction: Surgical site infections (SSI) were a common complication in post-appendectomy patients, especially in those with risk factors such as prolonged surgical times, comorbidities, and the absence of antibiotic prophylaxis. This study aimed to identify the risk factors associated with SSI in patients operated on at the General Hospital Monte Sinaí in Guayaquil between 2022 and 2024. Methodology: An observational, retrospective, and cross-sectional study was conducted on 150 patients who developed SSI after appendectomy. Variables such as operative time, surgical technique, antibiotic prophylaxis, comorbidities, nutritional status, and response to empirical treatment were analyzed. Statistical tests such as chi-square and logistic regression were used for data analysis. Results: Prolonged operative time (>60 minutes) and open surgical technique were significant factors in the increase of SSI. Patients without antibiotic prophylaxis and those with comorbidities such as diabetes and obesity had a higher risk of infection. A lower response to empirical treatment was observed in these groups. The results aligned with international studies that highlight the importance of prophylaxis and comorbidity control. Conclusions: The study confirmed that controlling risk factors, implementing appropriate surgical protocols, and using antibiotic prophylaxis were crucial to reducing SSI rates. This knowledge can improve surgical practices in Ecuadorian hospitals, reducing complications and improving postoperative recovery.