Factores asociados al desarrollo de encefalopatía hipóxica isquémica en neonatos del Hospital General Guasmo Sur desde enero del 2022 hasta junio del 2023.

Abstract

Introduction: Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy is a neurological clinical manifestation produced by maternal, fetal and environmental factors that occurs as a consequence of perinatal asphyxia. General objective: To identify the factors associated with the development of Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy in neonates at the Guasmo Sur General Hospital from January 2022 to June 2023. Material and Method: The research work has a cross-sectional, observational, retrospective and descriptive design. This choice was based on the need to analyze previously collected and available data, which would allow exploring the relationships between factors associated with the development of Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy in a broader time frame. For this, information was used in a specific time referred to between January 2022 and June 2023. The universe was made up of a total of 211 patients corresponding to the ICD-10 diagnoses: P073, P200, P072, P914x1. Results: The mean gestational age of the patients studied was 31.5 SG. The predominant sex was male with 57.35%. The associated factor that was found to be most related to Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy was “Prematurity + Respiratory Distress Syndrome”. Regarding severity, it was calculated with the Thompson scale, 54.50% of the total sample obtained a Thompson Score between 11 and 14 points, which translates to a “Moderate” severity. In the mortality of this pathology, it was calculated that 23.70%, which represents 50 patients suffering from HIE, die. Conclusion: The most common factor associated with HIE in hospitalized neonates at the Guasmo Sur General Hospital.