Prematuridad como factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de asma en pacientes de 2 a 8 años atendidos en el Hospital Monte Sinaí durante el periodo 2020-2022.

Abstract

Prematurity has been associated with an increased risk of developing asthma in childhood. This study analyzes the influence of prematurity on the severity of asthma in pediatric patients treated at the Monte Sinaí Hospital in Guayaquil. Methods: A cross-sectional, observational, retrospective and analytical study was carried out, reviewing medical records of patients aged 2 to 8 years diagnosed with asthma at the Mount Sinaí Hospital between January 2020 and December 2022. A sample of 200 patients selected using specific criteria was included. of inclusion and exclusion. Results: Most patients (85.3%) were born premature, while 14.7% were born full term. A significant relationship was observed between prematurity and greater asthma severity (p = .000), with a likelihood ratio of .007. The relationship between sex and prematurity was also significant (p = .000), with a slight predominance of male cases. Conclusions: Prematurity is a significant risk factor for the development of more severe forms of asthma in childhood. These findings underline the importance of adequate monitoring and management for children born prematurely.