Complicaciones postquirúrgicas de cirugía resectiva en pacientes con enfermedad de Crohn de 18 a 40 años del Hospital General del Norte IESS Ceibos del 2021-2023.

Abstract

Introduction: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, immune- mediated pathology that affects the gastrointestinal tract, alternating between periods of remission and crisis. In this study, the focus is on Crohn's disease (CD), which can cause transmural lesions in any segment of the digestive tract and requires multiple resective surgeries over time. Although pharmacological treatment has improved, patients with CD face significant surgical risks, including anastomotic leaks, fistula formation, intestinal obstruction, bleeding, and infection. This study aims to identify post-surgical complications of resective surgery in patients aged 18 to 40 years at the Hospital General del Norte IESS Ceibos between 2021 and 2023. Methodology: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional, retrospective and observational study that analyzed data from patients who underwent resective surgery for Crohn's disease by reviewing medical records. Results: The study included 68 patients with Crohn's disease who underwent resective surgery at the Hospital General del Norte IESS Ceibos between 2021 and 2023. The most frequent complications were dehiscence (75%) and fistula formation (45.6%). Most patients were between 26 and 35 years old, and 52.9% were men. The most common clinical patterns were stenosing (47.1%) and inflammatory (32.4%). The most frequent location of the disease was ileocolonic (39.7%) and mortality was 8.8%. Conclusion: Dehiscence is the most common post- surgical complication in patients with Crohn's disease undergoing resective surgery, and male sex and age range of 18 to 25 years are the predominant demographic characteristics. Ileocolonic location was the most frequent, associated with severity of complications.