Incidencia de fracturas costales en traumatismo torácico cerrado secundario a accidente de tránsito en pacientes de 18 a 45 años del Hospital Alcívar durante el periodo entre primero de enero del 2023 hasta el 31 de diciembre del 2023.

Abstract

Introduction: Blunt thoracic trauma is an injury which is potentially lethal due to the important anatomic structures content in the thorax as major blood vessels, potentially leading to severe and life-threatening complications. Objective: This study aims to calculate the incidence of rib fractures in patients aged 18 to 45 who suffered closed thoracic trauma due to traffic accidents at Hospital Alcívar during the year 2023. It seeks to contribute to the development of preventive strategies and the improvement of medical care protocols. Materials and Methods: This observational, descriptive, and retrospective study reviewed the clinical records of patients admitted to Hospital Alcívar's emergency department for closed thoracic trauma due to traffic accidents within the specified period. A non-probabilistic sampling method was used, with an initial database of 201 patients, of which 149 cases met the inclusion criteria. Statistical analyses included descriptive measures of central tendency and dispersion, bivariate analysis using chi-square tests, and multivariate logistic regression to identify risk factors associated with rib fractures. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05, and data analysis was performed using Excel and SPSS. Results: In 2023, 17.6% of patients with blunt chest trauma from traffic accidents treated at Hospital Alcívar had rib fractures. The average age of patients with rib fractures was 34.65 years, compared to 29.77 years for those without fractures. Alcohol consumption was significantly associated with a higher incidence of fractures, while no significant relationship was found with gender or the use of safety devices. Motorcycles were the most involved vehicle in accidents with rib fractures, accounting for 62.2% of cases. Conclusions: Age and alcohol consumption are significant risk factors for rib fractures in traffic accidents.