Prevalencia de complicaciones asociadas a pacientes con prematuridad tardía y a pacientes muy prematuros atendidos en la unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales del Hospital Teodoro Maldonado Carbo durante el periodo 2019-2022.

Abstract

Prematurity is a significant problem in Ecuador, with a prevalence that reflects global trends but also presents local challenges. Addressing associated complications requires a comprehensive approach that includes improving health services, education and prevention, with the aim of reducing the incidence of complications and improving the health and development of preterm newborns. Methods: This study is observational, cross-sectional and descriptive. Results: It was found that 69 neonates were very premature and 88 neonates were late prematurity. The most frequent complications in premature neonates are respiratory distress syndrome with 97.1%; ventilatory assistance with 69.6%, respiratory acidosis with 43.5% and sepsis with 65.2%. Conclusions: The prevalence and severity of complications in premature newborns are influenced by factors such as access to prenatal care, socioeconomic conditions, and the quality of available health resources. Disparities in these factors can significantly affect health outcomes for preterm infants.