Factores de riesgo cardiovasculares asociados al evento cerebrovascular isquémico y hemorrágico en pacientes con diabetes tipo II de 50 a 80 años del Hospital General Guasmo Sur durante los años 2021-2022.

Abstract

Objective: To determine the cardiovascular risk factors associated with ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke in type II diabetes patients aged 50 to 80 years at the Hospital General Guasmo Sur during the years 2021-2022. Methods: This was an observational, retrospective, cross-sectional study conducted in the emergency department of the Hospital General Guasmo Sur (HGGS), from 2021 to 2022, in Guayaquil, Ecuador. A total of 614 medical records of patients treated in emergencies, hospitalization, and ICU for neurological symptoms were reviewed; however, after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a population of 100 patients with non-traumatic stroke remained. Upon arrival at the emergency department, the following data were collected: age, sex, presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), treatment for T2DM, treatment duration, presence of arterial hypertension (HTN) and its treatment, type of stroke, presence of dyslipidemia, alcohol, and tobacco use. Patients were followed up from admission until discharge or death. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS. Results: The results show that ischemic stroke (IS) is significantly more prevalent than hemorrhagic stroke (HS). Patients generally displayed poor glycemic control, elevated cholesterol, and dyslipidemia in most cases. Although hypertension was prevalent, no statistically significant relationship was found between it and the incidence of stroke. However, a trend was observed between elevated blood glucose levels and a higher likelihood of IS. Most affected patients were male, although there were no significant differences between sexes in stroke incidence. Medical treatment was predominant, but a considerable percentage of patients did not receive adequate therapeutic intervention, highlighting the need to improve the management of risk factors. Conclusion: The study determined that ischemic strokes occurred more frequently than hemorrhagic strokes, with no significant differences regarding sex, age, or diabetes duration. No statistically significant relationships were found with factors such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, or alcohol use, although nonconclusive trends were observed for smoking and hypertension. However, a significant relationship was found between blood glucose levels upon admission and the type of stroke, with ischemic being the most common.