Factores asociados al tiempo de estancia hospitalaria en pacientes con pie diabético en estadio 2 de escala de Wagner en el Hospital Guasmo Sur de Guayaquil del año 2022 al 2023.

Abstract

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus, marked by high glucose levels and insulin disturbances, is a leading cause of worldwide morbidity and mortality. Diabetic foot, which can lead to amputations, affects a quarter of patients and is linked to peripheral arterial disease. In Ecuador, diabetes is a significant cause of death, and early detection and classification of diabetic foot is key to preventing serious complications. The aim of this study is to determine the factors associated with the length of hospital stay in patients with diabetic foot stage 2 Wagner scale at the Guasmo Sur Hospital in Guayaquil from 2022 to 2023. Methodology: The present research is descriptive and cross-sectional, reviewing the medical records of the Hospital General Guasmo Sur to analyze prespecified variables, using descriptive statistics and chi-square to identify significant associations. Results: A total of 158 patients with diabetic foot in Wagner scale 2 were included in the Hospital Guasmo Sur between 2022 and 2023. The majority were older than 60 years, men, urban residents and mestizos, with 54.4% in low socioeconomic level. The most common complications were diabetic ketoacidosis (43.7%) and hydroelectrolytic disorders (29.7%). Hospital stay was significantly longer in patients older than 60 years, with arterial hypertension, and those who did not receive insulin; in addition, surgical debridement was associated with a shorter stay. Conclusion: Arterial hypertension and metabolic complications are associated with prolonged hospital stays, while insulin use and surgery are not.