Factores asociados a la falta de adherencia en el tratamiento antifímico en pacientes con diagnóstico de tuberculosis pulmonar atendidos en el Centro de Salud tipo B Enrique Ponce Luque de Babahoyo, Ecuador en el periodo de enero 2018 a diciembre 2022.

Abstract

Introduction: Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the lungs are the organs mainly affected, the WHO reports a total of 10 million cases of tuberculosis worldwide and a total of 1.2 million deaths. The great problem of tuberculosis disease is the risk of non-adherence to anti-inflammatory treatment because this negatively influences the patient's health and presents a great risk from the point of view of public health. What declares this disease as a global emergency and the abandonment of treatment is seen as a very important obstacle that implies serious consequences for the infected person and the community. Therefore, this study aims to know how closely the causative factors are associated with non-adherence to anti-fimic treatment. Objective: To demonstrate the factors associated with lack of adherence to antifimic treatment in patients diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis. Served at the Enrique Ponce Luque Type B Health Center in Babahoyo, Ecuador in the period from January 2018 to December 2022. Materials and methods: This research is observational, cross-sectional, retrospective and analytic. Results: A statistically significant association is shown between the causes of adherence to treatment and gender p= (0.020), the phases in which treatment was abandoned p= (0.001), patients who presented pruritus p= (0.024) and abdominal pain p= (0.013). The mean age of the sample was 1.57 years, with a standard deviation of 0.49. Male participants predominated (mean = 1.3, SD = 0.46). It was highlighted that after abandoning anti-fimic treatment in phase 1, the effect that occurred the most was forgetting. While in phase 2, most of the abandonment occurred due to the patient's clinical improvement. Conclusion: The factors associated with lack of adherence to antifimic treatment in patients diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis were gender p= (0.020), the treatment phase completed p= (0.001), the presence of pruritus p= (0.024) and the abdominal pain p= (0.013). The most related factors are drug use and clinical improvement. The highest dropout rate in patients with a diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis is during phase 1 (63.76%). The most used treatment was 2HREZ-4(HR)3 (100%).