Prevalencia de manejo quirúrgico en pacientes con placenta previa sintomática atendidas en el Hospital Teodoro Maldonado Carbo durante el período 2021-2023.

Abstract

Placenta previa is one of the major causes of obstetric complications, as well as morbidity and mortality for both the mother and the fetus, so its timely diagnosis and proper follow-up is of vital importance. The objective of this research is to determine the prevalence of surgical management in pregnant women diagnosed with placenta previa, as well as to characterize the main variables associated with this condition. Methodology: An observational, descriptive, retrospective and cross-sectional study was carried out, by collecting information from the medical records of patients treated at the Teodoro Maldonado Carbo Specialty Hospital and who had completed their pregnancy there with a diagnosis of placenta previa during the years 2021 – 2023. Results: It was found that more than 80% of the pregnancies in question were managed by surgery, while the minority had expectant follow- up that ended in vaginal delivery. The age ranges ranged from 16 to 47 years, with an average of 26. More than 70% of previous placentas studied were reported as marginal, followed by partial placentas and total placentas being the minority. In addition, 70% of pregnant women completed their delivery during their third trimester of pregnancy. Discussion: Various authors agree that cesarean delivery is the appropriate management in cases of placenta previa; however, thanks to new studies, it has been proven that expectant management can be favorable in certain cases; it was found that in those studies whose The population had a greater number of risk factors, surgical management was the most used, while those whose patients had controls and had few comorbidities, had a greater probability of completing their delivery without resorting to cesarean sections. In our study, surgical management predominated. Conclusion: The management of surgical delivery had a high prevalence, corroborating with other sources in being the method of choice for this placental condition.