Prevalencia de bajo peso en neonatos de madres adolescentes atendidos en el Centro de Salud de Tarifa - Samborondón, 2022.

Abstract

Introduction: Low birth weight refers to a newborn with a weight of less than 2,500 g, this is a factor that predisposes them to long-term complications such as prematurity, intrauterine delay and neuropsychological alterations, in addition to representing 60% of neonatal mortality and 4% of infant mortality. Among the risk factors we have: gestational age, diseases of pregnancy, prematurity. Objective: Determine the prevalence of low birth weight in the children of adolescent mothers treated at the health center of Tarifa, Samborondón in 2022. Methodology: This study is descriptive, retrospective observation and cross-sectional based on the review of electronic medical records in the MSP-RDACAA system in the health center of Tarifa, Samborondón; where patients with low birth weight children of adolescent mothers were investigated in 2022. Results: The study included 103 adolescent mothers, of which 24.3% were low birth weight neonates. The predominant maternal age in the study was between 15 and 17 years old (46.6%) with low socioeconomic status (90.3%). Malnutrition (3.9%) and urinary tract infections (3.9%) were the most prevalent diseases during pregnancy. Anemia (15.5%) was the most frequent preconceptional disease among pregnant women. Gestational age had a significant association of (Chi2 0.172; χ² Critical 3.841) in relation to low birth weight. Conclusion: The majority of adolescent mothers with children with low birth weight had a low socioeconomic status, with maternal diseases such as urinary tract infection and malnutrition, in addition to the fact that a significant association was found between diseases during pregnancy and low birth weight.