Determinación de la prevalencia de tumores definitorios y no definitorios del VIH-SIDA en pacientes mayores de 18 años del servicio de oncología del Hospital de Especialidades Teodoro Maldonado Carbo en el periodo 2020-2023.

Abstract

Introduction: Over the years, HIV patients have been related to the appearance of a specific group of neoplasms, which are more frequently observed in this population. In addition to the immunosuppressive state of the individual, chronic antigenic stimulation, inflammation or cytokine deregulation can be related to the appearance of neoplasms, without leaving aside those risk factors, whether environmental, coinfection, etc. Objective: Determine the prevalence of definitive and non-definitive HIV-AIDS tumors in patients over 18 years of age at the Teodoro Maldonado Carbo Hospital in the period 2020-2023. Methodology: Retrospective, observational, cross- sectional, descriptive study of 103 patients who met the inclusion criteria. Results: The prevalence of HIV-AIDS defining and non-defining tumors corresponded to 0.45%. Male sex (78.6%) is the most frequent, patients in the age range of 35 to 60 (65%) predominated in this study, where 38.8% had < 199 CD4, with an undetectable CV (61.2%) and a CD4/CD8 ratio > 0.8 (56.3%). HIV-AIDS-defining tumors accounted for 52.4%. The most frequent tumor was Kaposi's Sarcoma (39.81%), followed by Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (21.36%). Twenty-seven percent were in the AIDS phase at the time of diagnosis. Only 38.8% died, of which 15% were due to the tumor. Conclusion: The 103 patients analyzed in this period correspond to 0.45% with respect to the prevalence of TDS and TNDS, where 78.6% were male, 65% in the range of 35 to 60 years. TDS corresponded to 52.4%. The most frequent tumor was Kaposi's sarcoma (39.1%). Of the patients, 38.8% died. CD4 and survival were related (p=0.000) indicating statistical significance, while viral load and survival (p=0.363) did not.