Factores de riesgo en litiasis renal : explorando la eficacia de la litotricia láser como tratamiento no invasivo - estudio en el Hospital Naval de Guayaquil.

Abstract

The text provides a detailed theoretical framework on renal lithiasis, ranging from its historical background to clinical, epidemiological, demographic and socioeconomic aspects. Historical background information highlights the development of concepts of renal lithiasis from antiquity to the present day and modern advances in diagnosis and treatment, such as the advent of diagnostic imaging and less invasive procedures. Risk factors such as genetic, dietary, environmental, clinical and physiological factors are described, as well as stone etiology, clinical presentation and associated complications. Epidemiology reveals an increasing overall prevalence and variations by geographic region and ethnicity. Demographic characteristics show a higher incidence in older adults and men, with associated comorbidities. Regarding the research, previous studies, current questions, methods and approaches, expected contributions, limitations and challenges, as well as future perspectives and emerging areas, such as improvements in diagnostic techniques and recurrence prevention, are discussed. Finally, the methodology of the proposed study is described, including location, period, type and design of research, universe and sample, inclusion and exclusion criteria, data analysis, ethical and legal aspects, and budget.