Efecto de la salinidad en parámetros morfológicos y nutrientes en savia de peciolo en plantas de sandía roja (Citrullus lanatus) en Guayaquil, prov. del Guayas.

Abstract

Ecuador, a country recognized for its production of tropical fruits, has identified watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) as a product with great potential both for domestic consumption and for export to non-traditional foreign markets. Although relatively new to the country's export basket, watermelon has shown growing demand in the international market. Ecuador's exceptional ecological conditions, with favorable climate and fertile lands, support agricultural development, especially in watermelon production. This crop, significant in coastal provinces like Manabí, Santa Elena, and Guayas, is valued not only for its fresh consumption but also for the production of jams and confectionery. However, watermelon production faces challenges related to soil salinity, especially in arid and coastal areas where salt accumulation can severely affect nutrient absorption and plant growth. Salinity not only causes osmotic stress but also ionic toxicity, compromising the quality and yield of the crops. To counteract these effects, constant monitoring of soil salinity and the adoption of sustainable agricultural practices, such as fertigation, are essential. These strategies not only improve production but also contribute to the sustainable development of the agricultural sector, positioning Ecuador as a competitor in the production of high-quality tropical fruits and opening new opportunities in export markets.