Factores predisponentes al fracaso de las restauraciones clase II.

Abstract

Objective: To determine the factors that predispose to the failure of Class II restorations in patients treated at the dental clinic of the UCSG during the B – 2024 semester. Materials and methods: This was a cross-sectional, observational – descriptive study with a qualitative – quantitative approach. The study was conducted with patients treated at the UCSG Dental Clinic. The final sample size consisted of 117 dental restorations included under specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed. Results: It was observed that 80,3% of the restorations did not present any type of fracture, while 100% showed marginal leakage. Occlusal wear was observed in 39,3% of the dental restorations, and 43,6% of the restorations had proximal contacts. It was determined that the upper molars were the most affected teeth, presenting the highest percentage of marginal leakage (100%), occlusal wear (41,5%), and issues with proximal box adaptation such a resin overhangs (62,5%). Conclusion: Marginal leakage was identified as the most prevalent factor in all the restorations evaluated, consolidating it’s a role as a determinant of their performance. Fractures, occlusal wear, and inadequate proximal adaptation – such as resin overhangs and subgingival extensions – significantly contributed to their deterioration. Functional proximal contacts were insufficient, which could impact the stability and functionality of the restorations. It was also that upper molars and younger patients were more prone to wear and adaptive issues.