Prevalencia de fisuras labiales y palatinas en niños atendidos en el Hospital Roberto Gilbert (2019-2024).

Abstract

Introduction: Cleft lips and/or palates are the most frequent congenital defect affecting facial structures. The etiology of these defects is complex and multifactorial, since they involve genetic and environmental factors caused by atypical embryonic development, resulting in a greater social and financial burden for the affected person and their family. Objective: To determine the prevalence of cleft lips and/or palates in children treated at the Roberto Gilbert Hospital (2019-2024). Methodology: A descriptive, retrospective and cross-sectional study was carried out on 217 pediatric patients treated at the Hospital. The variables of sex, associated syndromes, maternal age, premature birth, pre-surgical orthopedics and the different surgical approaches were analyzed. Results: The female sex predominated, representing 52.1%. The most frequent were the FLP with 47%. The FP were more frequent in girls (67.1%). Cleft of the hard palate and soft palate with unilateral cleft lip (38.2%) were the most frequent in FLP. 8.8% were syndromic (p = 0.102). 17.1% were premature, with a predominance of FLP (p = 0.621). The maternal age had an average of 27 years (p = 0.046). 35.5% showed orthopedic intervention (p < 0.001). 71.0% showed at least one type of surgical intervention, mostly Cheiloplasty (29.4%) mean age of 6 months and Palatoplasty (28.1%) mean age of 2 years. Conclusion: FLP were the most common clefts in pediatric patients, showing a differential distribution of the type of cleft according to the sex of the pediatric patients analyzed.