Autocuidado de hemodiálisis en pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica del Hospital General Norte de Guayaquil IESS Ceibos.

Abstract

The progression of chronic kidney disease requires a dialysis regimen that demands continuous behavioral learning to preserve quality of life and reduce significant recurrent infectious and metabolic complications. Objective: To determine hemodialysis self-care in patients with chronic kidney disease at the IESS Ceibos hospital. Methodology: A descriptive quantitative study with 66 participants. A structured instrument explored sociodemographic data, dietary habits, and home vascular access care. Results: Half of the cohort was aged 51–60 years; 62% were men, 41% were married, 47% had secondary schooling, and 42% were formally employed. Regarding diet, 58% always followed the general nutritional recommendation, 58% continuously monitored their water intake, and 61% systematically avoided foods rich in potassium; the low-sodium pattern was accepted by 95%. Three planned meals per day predominated in 41%, while more than three meals were consumed in 24%. Regarding device care, 69% cleaned the access with each shift, 67% avoided unreasonable manipulation of the fistula, and 62% discontinued activities that could damage it. Chlorhexidine was the antiseptic of choice for 70%, and daily examination of the site was documented in 62%. Conclusions: Optimal selfcare was observed in a large portion of the population, although noncompliance with fluids and immediate alertness for complications persisted in a significant group.