Estandarización de la atención de enfermería en gestantes con preeclampsia en un Hospital de Guayaquil.

Abstract

Preeclampsia is one of the leading causes of maternal and fetal morbidity. Therefore, standardizing nursing care improves clinical surveillance and provides comprehensive care in highly complex hospital settings. Objective: To standardize nursing care for pregnant women with preeclampsia in a hospital in Guayaquil from May 2024 to April 2025. Methodological Design: A quantitative, descriptive, retrospective, and cross-sectional study. Population: 250 pregnant women. Sample: 152 pregnant women with preeclampsia. Technique: Indirect observation. Instrument: Indirect observation matrix. Results: Pregnant women (47%) attended only one to two prenatal check-ups, with a medical history of obesity (32%) and were in their third trimester of pregnancy (54%). The most common clinical symptoms were high blood pressure (92%), elevated liver enzymes (73%), and proteinuria (72%). Nursing diagnoses included decreased cardiac output (91%), risk of liver function impairment (72%), and impaired urine output (68%). Nursing interventions included hypertension management (82%), medication management (69%), and urinary output management (67%). The most common outcomes were urinary output (98%), circulatory status (82%), and liver function (72%). Conclusion: Standardizing nursing care for pregnant women with preeclampsia allowed for organizing care around common clinical and emotional needs, such as hypertension, anxiety, and maternal-fetal risk.