Estandarización en la atención de enfermería en neonatos con Síndrome de Distrés Respiratorio atendidos en un Hospital de la ciudad de Guayaquil.

Abstract

Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is one of the main causes of neonatal admission to intensive care units, and is a clinical condition that severely compromises the respiratory function of newborns, especially in the premature population. The objective of this study was to standardize nursing care for newborns with RDS by identifying general data, clinical aspects, diagnoses, interventions, and expected outcomes. A quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional methodology was used, with a documentary analysis of 175 medical records of newborns diagnosed with RDS in the NICU of the Teodoro Maldonado Carbo Hospital. Among the most relevant findings, there was a higher incidence of RDS in male neonates (54.86%) with late preterm (36.00%) and moderate (33.14%) birth weights. Clinically, apnea (86.29%) and respiratory distress (76.57%) were the most frequent signs. The most commonly applied nursing diagnoses were ineffective breathing pattern (60.00%) and impaired gas exchange (52.57%). The most common interventions included respiratory monitoring (54.29%) and invasive mechanical ventilation (53.14%). Regarding the NOC outcomes, the highest levels of achievement were obtained in gas exchange (2.10) and respiratory ventilation (2.09), while the lowest were in severity of infection (1.91) and thermoregulation (1.96). It is concluded that standardization of care optimizes therapeutic response, ensures safe care, and improves the quality of nursing care in neonates with RDS.