Prevalencia de papanicolaou con falsos negativos y los resultados positivos en la colposcopía para la detección del Virus del Papiloma Humano en mujeres que acuden al Hospital General Guasmo Sur en el período 2021 al 2024.

Abstract

Introduction: Pap smears have been key in the early detection of cervical cancer, although their sensitivity is limited, causing false negatives. Colposcopy, which is more accurate, allows a better clinical and anatomical correlation, facilitating biopsies and early diagnosis. In Ecuador, there are no national data on HPV, but recent studies show an increase in morbimortality, positioning cervical cancer as one of the main causes of female death. Methodology: An observational, descriptive, retrospective and cross-sectional study was carried out based on data from the Guasmo Sur General Hospital. We included 160 women who had a negative Pap smear, positive HPV and subsequent colposcopy between 2021 and 2024, taking into account age, sexarche, number of sexual partners and other possible predisposing factors such as habits. Results: 160 women with negative Papanicolaou results were included, but all were positive by colposcopy. Initial staging showed that 52.2% had CIN 2; however, biopsy revealed 47.8% with CIN 1, 28.9% with CIN 2 and 23.3% with CIN 3. Fisher's exact test was applied (p<0.000) showing a significant relationship between colposcopy and biopsy, but no significant correlation with habits. Conclusion: It is recommended to strengthen HPV vaccination for both sexes, aiming for the completion of the full vaccination schedule to help prevent its oncogenic potential. It is also proposed to improve screening and diagnostic techniques and expand their population coverage, including males and various geographic contexts, given their relevance in the transmission chain.