Prevalencia de complicaciones neonatales asociadas a madres consumidoras de sustancias psicotrópicas entre 18 a 28 años de edad en el Hospital General Guasmo Sur entre el periodo de enero del 2022 a diciembre del 2023.

Abstract

The study on the prevalence of neonatal complications associated with mothers who use psychotropic substances between 18 and 28 years of age at the Hospital General Guasmo Sur, during the period from January 2022 to December 2023, made it possible to identify and analyze the main risks to which newborns are exposed in this context. The research showed that the most frequent complications were excessive crying, irritability and fever, symptoms that are related to Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS). Likewise, a high proportion of cases of low birth weight was observed, which reflects a direct impact of the consumption of these substances during pregnancy. Clinical evaluation using the Finnegan Scale indicated that most of the neonates presented mild or moderate withdrawal symptoms, although a smaller percentage developed severe symptoms. In sociodemographic terms, most of the mothers were young women, with prevalence in the range of 19 to 24 years, and predominantly of the mestizo ethnic group. This study highlights the importance of strengthening prevention, detection and early care programs to mitigate neonatal complications derived from maternal consumption of psychotropic substances, and thus improve the quality of life of both mothers and newborns.