Complicaciones de dengue con signos de alarma y dengue grave en pacientes pediátricos de 6 a 15 años atendidos en el Hospital del Niño Dr. Francisco Icaza Bustamante en el periodo 2023 - 2024.

Abstract

Dengue is the most prevalent Arbovirus in the World. The Dengue virus is a Flavivirus with 4 serotypes and its vector is the Aedes aegypti mosquito, which has domiciliary and peridomiciliary habits. It is one of the main public health problems that is growing due to different factors, including: the increase inmosquito resistance to insecticides, the increase in disorganized urbanization accompanied by the lack of drinking water and the storage of water in uncovered containers for reasons such as lack of knowledge and poor waste collection. Since 2009, the WHO has classified the disease as: dengue without warning signs, dengue with warning signs and severe dengue. Dengue is initially diagnosed through a clinical evaluation, followed by laboratory tests. In the early stages of the disease, symptoms can range from asymptomatic or mild infections to high fever, hemorrhagic symptoms, and dengue shock syndrome, making identification of the virus more complicated. Laboratory tests are divided into direct methods such as virus isolation, nucleic acid detection and antigen detection, and indirect methods such as antibody detection through ELISA tests to identify IgM and IgG antibodies. The presence of IgM suggests a recent infection, while IgG indicates a past infection or previous exposure to the virus. Both methods are essential for making an adequate diagnosis and for managing the disease effectively. Plasma extravasation, hemorrhages and organ involvement are the key points in the diagnosis and the pillars of treatment of severe dengue.