Identificación de cardiopatías congénitas en neonatos atendidos en el Hospital Francisco Icaza Bustamante en el periodo de enero del 2023 a enero del 2024.

Abstract

Introduction: Congenital heart disease is the most common malformation at birth and a leading cause of infant mortality in Ecuador. Although advances have improved survival, limited access to specialized care remains a challenge. Objective: Determine the frequency of congenital heart disease among newborns treated at the Francisco Icaza Bustamante Hospital between January 2023 and December 2024. Methodology: This study had an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional and retrospective design, using descriptive statistics such as measures of central tendency, frequency and percentages. Results: The study included 73 neonates, predominantly male (65.8%) and preterm births (56.2%). Cesarean section was the most frequent route of delivery (61.6%). The 78.1% of heart defects were acyanotic, the most common being ventricular septal defect (39.7%), followed by patent ductus arteriosus (28.8%). Only 5.5% of the neonates died. Conclusion: Congenital heart disease was more frequent in male and premature neonates, with a predominance of acyanotic forms, with a low mortality possibly influenced by prenatal diagnosis and the lower incidence of critical heart disease.