Factores predictivos en la evolución grave del dengue en pacientes pediátricos entre 5 a 14 años atendidos en el Hospital General del Norte de Guayaquil IESS Los Ceibos desde mayo 2019 a mayo 2024.

Abstract

Introduction: Dengue is a vector-borne viral disease that represents a significant challenge in the pediatric population due to the risk of developing severe forms of the disease. There are four serotypes of the virus, with clinical manifestations ranging from mild to severe. In this study, we evaluated the presence of predictive factors for progression to severe forms, which is essential for optimizing early diagnosis, management, and reduction of morbidity and mortality in this population. Objective: Characterize the predictive factors in the severe evolution of dengue in pediatric patients between 5 and 14 years old treated at the Hospital General de Guayaquil IESS Los Ceibos from May 2019 to May 2024 Methodology: A total of 127 pediatric patients diagnosed with severe dengue admitted to the IESS Ceibos General Hospital were evaluated. Data were entered and analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows version 30.0.0 and Microsoft Excel for Office Professional. Results: The most frequent sign observed was thrombocytopenia, present in 100% of cases. The most common clinical manifestations were moderate to severe generalized abdominal pain in 70.9%, followed by persistent vomiting in 47.2% and rash or petechiae in 34.6%. In addition, pleural, hepatic and hematologic complications were also recurrent. Conclusions: Detecting warning signs of severe dengue fever is essential for effective management of pediatric patients, enabling proper diagnosis and clinical management, and preventing its progression in endemic areas.