Factores de riesgo asociados a complicaciones postquirúrgicas inmediatas en pacientes operados de reparo de hernia inguinal en el Hospital Básico IESS Durán en el periodo de enero de 2021 a enero 2024.

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Inguinal hernias are the most common type of abdominal wall hernia, accounting for 60% of all abdominal hernias. A hernia can be defined as a defect in the abdominal wall, characterized by a protrusion of abdominal viscera covered by peritoneum. It is estimated that approximately 1.6 million inguinal hernias are diagnosed each year in the United States, and approximately 700,000 are repaired. The sex with the highest prevalence of the pathology is male, with a 27% frequency compared to women, and approximately 90% of surgical repairs also occur in men. There has been no research on this topic in the country for more than 6 years. OBJECTIVES: To determine the risk factors associated with immediate post-surgical complications in patients undergoing inguinal hernia repair at the IESS Durán Basic Hospital in the period from January 2021 to January 2024. METHODOLOGY: The design of the research work was observational, cross-sectional, retrospective and descriptive. RESULTS: In this research, a population of 198 patients was used, but after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria using a 95% confidence interval, a sample of 131 patients was obtained where a frequency of 73.3% was observed in the age group between 36 to 64 years, the sex with the highest prevalence was 82.4% likewise, we found that the most common complication was surgical site infection with a prevalence of 10.7%, followed by hematoma with a frequency of 5.3%, with 4.6% seroma and chronic inguinal pain had an incidence of 3.1%. CONCLUSIONS: It was found that the male sex was where there was a higher incidence of inguinal hernia repair with 82.4%, the most frequent age group was between 36 to 64 years with 73.3%. In the age group with the highest incidence of complications was over 65 years old, also the female sex was in which the greatest complications occurred with a frequency of 39.4% of the total patients of this sex. Surgical time greater than or equal to 90 minutes was associated with a higher complication rate with a p value = 0.001, likewise DM2 with a p value = 0.00 showed to be associated with the appearance of complications, HBP showed a p value = 0.00 being statistically significant.