Incidencia de ulceras pépticas, Forrest IIA diagnosticadas por Endoscopia en pacientes atendidos en el Hospital General Dr. Enrique Ortega Moreira en el año 2023-2024.

Abstract

Introduction: Forrest IIA peptic ulcers represent a relevant clinical issue due to their high incidence and risk of gastrointestinal bleeding. This study aimed to determine the incidence of Forrest IIA peptic ulcers diagnosed by endoscopy and to analyze their clinical characteristics and associated risk factors. Methodology: This is an observational, descriptive, and retrospective study conducted on patients with an endoscopic diagnosis of Forrest IIA peptic ulcer at Dr. Enrique Ortega Moreira General Hospital during the 2023–2024 period. Data were collected on age, sex, personal and family history, clinical manifestations, type of ulcer, and treatment received. Results: The results showed that 72.1% of patients presented with Forrest IIA ulcers, with the highest frequency observed in the 62 to 80-year age group (36.7%). No significant differences were found between sexes, although smoking (23.3%), chronic NSAID use (20%), and chronic gastritis (17.3%) were predominant risk factors. Regarding symptoms, epigastric pain (90%), heartburn (77.3%), hematemesis (35.3%), and melena (32%) were the most frequent. Endoscopic ligation was performed in 46% of cases. Conclusion: Forrest IIA ulcers have a high prevalence in older adults and are strongly associated with modifiable risk factors. It is recommended to strengthen prevention by controlling NSAID use, eradicating Helicobacter pylori, and performing endoscopic follow-up in at-risk patients to reduce bleeding recurrence and improve clinical outcomes.