Caracterización epidemiológica y factores asociados a anemia en pacientes en puerperio inmediato en el Hospital General Dr. Liborio Panchana Sotomayor durante enero a junio de 2023.

Abstract

This study investigated the prevalence and factors associated with anemia in the immediate postpartum period in patients attended at the Hospital General Dr. Liborio Panchana Sotomayor between January and June 2023. The objective was to determine the incidence of postpartum anemia and factors associated with sociodemographic, obstetric and prenatal care variables. A retrospective cross-sectional research design was employed to analyze the medical records of 133 parturients. The collected data consisted of age information along with place of origin and educational level and number of prenatal visits and delivery type and obstetric complications including episiotomy and perineal tears and uterine atony and premature placental detachment. The results showed a prevalence of anemia of 56.8%, with a higher frequency in urban women 66.2% and secondary education level 54.9%. it was observed that 34.6% of the patients with anemia had undergone episiotomy and 18.8% had suffered perineal tearing. Uterine hypotonia presented a significant association with anemia (p-value 0.044) as well as prenatal controls (p-value 0.000). In addition, 13.5 % of the postpartum women had a history of gestational anemia despite an adequate number of prenatal controls. Further research through a multicenter prospective study should be conducted to validate the results for general population applicability.