Prevalencia de anemia en paciente con cirrosis hepática en adultos entre 40 a 70 años en el Hospital Liborio Panchana Sotomayor en el periodo 2019 - 2023.

Abstract

Introduction: Anemia is a frequent and multifactorial finding in patients with liver cirrhosis, with a high prevalence estimated between 50 % and 87 %. Hepatopathy generates hemodynamic complications that contribute to the development of this condition. Its presence is associated with an increased risk of decompensation and mortality. Methodology: The study is observational, retrospective, cross-sectional and descriptive of 111 patients who were within the inclusion criteria through the review of medical records and laboratory tests. Results: The prevalence of anemia was 71.17%, with mild anemia in 52.25%, moderate in 9.01% and severe in 9.91%. The most frequent age group was 55 to 59 years (26.13%). The male sex predominated (61.26%), while the female sex accounted for 38.74%. The most common etiology of liver cirrhosis was attributed to alcohol consumption (43.25%). All patients were identified as mixed race. The presence of comorbidities was evaluated, finding diabetes mellitus in 23.42% and arterial hypertension in 17.12% of the cases; however, this information was not available in 48.65% of the cases. In 41.44% of the patients, the disease had been present for less than one year. According to the Child-Pugh classification, the patients were distributed into class A (29.73%), class B (39.64%) and class C (30.63%). Conclusions: Regardless of the bibliographic basis that associates anemia with the progression of cirrhosis, our study did not show a significant relationship between the decrease in hemoglobin and the severity of the disease. Neither was a significant correlation observed between typical complications of the disease such as portal hypertension or upper gastrointestinal bleeding. The dissonance between theory and practice may be due to a lack of data in the clinical history, resulting in anemia not being confirmed as a reliable marker of severity, highlighting the need for a better clinical description.