Prevalencia de amenaza de aborto en gestantes de 14 a 19 años primigestas atendidas en el Hospital General León Becerra Milagro en el periodo de enero del 2023 a diciembre del 2024.

Abstract

Introduction: Threatened miscarriage is the most common gestational complication, characterized by bleeding before 20 weeks without cervical dilatation or fetal expulsion. It affects between 20% and 30% of adolescent pregnancies, which represents a challenge for maternal-fetal health and health systems. Objective: To determine the prevalence of threatened abortion in pregnant women between 14 and 19 years of age who are primigravid at the Hospital General León Becerra Milagro from January 2023 to December 2024. Methodology: This research was descriptive, observational, retrospective and cross-sectional. Results: 113 adolescent primigravidae with threatened abortion were identified, with a prevalence of 25.9%. The most affected age group was 14 to 15 years old (47.8%). Anemia (38.1%) and low weight (34.5%) were the most frequent comorbidities. The highest incidence occurred between 8 and 12 weeks of gestation (42.5%). The main complications were premature rupture of membranes (23.9%) and preterm delivery (18.6%). Conclusion: Threatened abortion in adolescent primigravidae is a relevant condition in this vulnerable population, with a higher incidence in the youngest and in the first weeks of gestation, frequently associated with anemia and obstetric complications such as premature rupture of membranes, which underlines the importance of early monitoring to prevent adverse outcomes.