Incidencia de determinantes epidemiológicos en la neumonía adquirida en la comunidad en pacientes menores de 5 años atendidos en El Hospital León Becerra de Milagro, de enero de 2023 a diciembre del 2024.

Abstract

Community-acquired pneumonia in children is a leading cause of childhood morbidity and mortality. The main objective of this thesis is to identify the epidemiological determinants that influence community-acquired pneumonia in patients under 5 years of age treated at the León Becerra General Hospital in Milagro, between January 2023 and December 2024. An observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional study was conducted, based on a review of medical records. In the study population, the main epidemiological determinants identified were male sex (55.07%), age under 2 years (74.64%), urban residence (94.2%), breastfeeding (94.2%), complete vaccination schedule (94.93%), and adequate nutritional status (82.61%). Within the study population, rehospitalizations occurred in patients with a history of prematurity and comorbidities. 80.43% of cases had a hospital stay of between 1 and 7 days. 4.35% presented clinical complications, the most common being pleural effusion and sepsis.