Prevalencia de complicaciones en pacientes sometidos a colecistectomía laparoscópica en el Hospital de Especialidades Teodoro Maldonado Carbo; enero 2021 a enero 2024.

Abstract

Introduction: Gallbladder lithiasis, also known as cholelithiasis, is a highly relevant disease in our setting as it is one of the most common pathologies in terms of public health. Most cases will require surgical intervention for definitive resolution. Objective: To establish the main postoperative complications in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy at the Teodoro Maldonado Carbo Specialty Hospital in Guayaquil, from January 2021 to January 2024. Materials and Methods: A retrospective, observational, and descriptive study based on medical records of patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy between January 2021 and January 2024, for statistical analysis according to the stated objectives. Results: The study showed that surgical site infection (45.8%) and bleeding (24.2%) were the most frequent complications in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Most cases were diagnosed with cholelithiasis (70.6%), and a higher prevalence of the procedure was observed in obese women over 50 years of age, although no statistical relationship was established between these factors and the occurrence of complications. Conclusions: The findings confirm that laparoscopic cholecystectomy, although a safe procedure, is not free of complications, with infections and bleeding being the most common. Furthermore, it suggests that risk factors such as advanced age, female sex, and obesity are also present.