Complicaciones de los neonatos de muy bajo peso relacionado con los trastornos hipertensivos en el embarazo en el Hospital General Liborio Panchana Sotomayor en el período 2018-2023.

Abstract

Introduction: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are a public health problem that causes a significant impact on maternal- neonatal health. These have been associated with severe neonatal complications, which include preterm birth, intrauterine growth restriction and low birth weight. Methods: This is an observational study with a population of 202 neonate with very low birth weight (<37 weeks of gestational age and birth weight <1500 grams) with the objective of comparing neonatal complications with infants born from mothers with and without HDP. Results: It was observed a high prematurity rate with a mean gestational age of 28.81 weeks and an average birth weight of 1090.88 grams in the HDP group. Moreover, 66.8% of neonates in this group presented complications, with sepsis being the most frequent, followed by respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and bradycardia. The most prevalent HDP was preeclampsia with a prevalence of 41.6% and was related to a higher risk of RDS, while eclampsia was associated to lower Apgar scores. Conclusions: HDP significantly increases the risk of neonatal complications in VLBW infants. This suggests the necessity for strict prenatal control and optimal management of HDP to diminish these complications.