Prevalencia de resistencia a los medicamentos antirretrovirales de primera línea en pacientes con VIH positivo en el Hospital General Monte Sinaí.

Abstract

Introduction: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) continues to be a global public health problem, with increasing resistance to antiretrovirals (ART). This study analyzes the prevalence of resistance to first-line drugs in HIV patients treated at Mount Sinai General Hospital. Methodology: A retrospective, observational, analytical cohort study was conducted in HIV-positive patients seen in the outpatient clinic of the ICU at Mount Sinai General Hospital from January 2022 to December 2024. Results: A total resistance prevalence of 32.9% was observed. The most commonly used regimen was TDF/3TC/DTG (75.49%). The treatment discontinuation rate was 30.83%. There was a significant relationship between the type of ARV regimen and resistance (p=0.043), as well as a direct relationship between viral load and CD4+ levels (p=<0.001). Resistance was highest in NNRTIs (13.44%) and NRTIs (11.85%). Conclusion: Resistance to first line ARVs continues to grow. It is a multifactorial problem for which it is recommended to initiate resistance testing as a routine follow-up, as well as to implement easy access to viral load testing and strengthen educational programs in vulnerable populations. These actions are essential to achieve the HIV control goals by 2031.