Caracterización epidemiológica y factores asociados a hernia incisional en pacientes atendidos en el Hospital Básico IESS Durán durante enero a diciembre de 2024.

Abstract

Introduction: Incisional hernia is a frequent complication following abdominal surgery, with a notable clinical and economic impact. The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiology and related factors among patients at Hospital IESS Duran between January and December 2024. Methodology: A descriptive, observational, retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 276 patients presenting incisional hernia. Demographic, clinical (BMI, diabetes, smoking) and surgical (intervention type, repair technique, etiology) data were gathered and analyzed using descriptive statistics and the chi-square test with p-value less than 0,05. Results: The prevalence of incisional hernia was 29.2%. Seventy-one point seven percent of cases were female; mean age was 52 ± 13 years, with 68.5% of patients aged 36–64 years. Diabetes was present in 9.4%, 44.9% were overweight and 21.0% were obese, while only 8% smoked. Elective surgeries accounted for 70.3% of cases. The predominant repair technique was primary fascial closure (62.3%). Traumatic etiology represented 63.4% of hernias. No significant relationships emerged among hernia etiology, intervention type, and repair technique. Discussion: The prevalence that we observed surpasses global estimates (10-20%), probably due to regional surgical practices and follow-up protocols. The marked female predominance and peak incidence in middle-aged patients mirror other reports, while the high frequency of overweight and obesity underscores their pivotal role in hernia formation. To produce findings that are more widely generalizable, future prospective, multicenter studies are advised.