Perfil clínico-epidemiológico de los pacientes con depresión cerebral neonatal en el Hospital General Dr. Liborio Panchana Sotomayor en el periodo 2019-2023.

Abstract

Introduction: Perinatal care is a priority in Ecuador's public health. Neonatal brain depression is the result of perinatal hypoxia or asphyxia and is considered a challenge for maternal-fetal care due to the high incidence of associated factors such as insufficient prenatal controls; Neurological sequelae affect the quality of life and well-being of the newborn. Objective: To determine the clinical-epidemiological profile of patients with neonatal brain depression at the Dr. Liborio Panchana Sotomayor Hospital in the period 2019- 2023. Methodology: This is a non-experimental, descriptive, cross-sectional, retrospective and qualitative study. It includes 107 neonates who were born at the Dr. Liborio Panchana Sotomayor Hospital in Santa Elena in the period 2019-2023. Results: The mild stage (41.12%) is more frequent compared to the moderate-severe stage. Low birth weight and prematurity predominate. The main risk factors were insufficient prenatal check-ups (23.56%) and meconium aspiration (29.91%). The most frequent short- and long-term complications are neonatal jaundice (34.58%) and delayed psychomotor development (20.56%). The overall mortality rate is 19.63%. Conclusion: Adequate and individualized therapeutic management plays a fundamental role in reducing the morbidity and mortality rate of patients with neonatal brain depression. The problem-solving capacity of avalanche personnel improves the prognosis and quality of neonatal care.