Marcadores bioquímicos : albúmina sérica, urea, creatinina, potasio y calcio y su relación con el estado nutricional de adultos con enfermedad renal crónica en hemodiálisis del Hospital de Especialidades Teodoro Maldonado Carbo en el período de abril a junio de 2025.

Abstract

The objective of this study was to establish the relationship between biochemical markers (serum albumin, urea, creatinine, potassium, and calcium) and the nutritional status of adult patients with chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis. This quantitative, observational, cross-sectional, and analytical study was conducted at the Teodoro Maldonado Carbo Hospital. Eighty patient records from April to June 2025 were analyzed. The Nutritional Risk Screening (NRS 2002) method was used for nutritional assessment, and biochemical data were extracted directly from clinical records. Binomial logistic regression revealed that albumin and calcium levels are significantly related to patients' nutritional risk. These results underscore the importance of these two parameters as indirect indicators of nutritional status. In contrast, no significant association was found between nutritional risk and creatinine, potassium, and urea levels, suggesting that, while essential for assessing kidney function, they are not good predictors of nutritional status in this patient group. Regarding nutritional status according to the 2002 NRS, 58.8% of patients were at nutritional risk (score ≥3), while 41.3% scored less than 3, which was interpreted as low nutritional risk. This indicates a prevalence of malnutrition or risk of malnutrition in the population analyzed. It was concluded that this study emphasizes the need to integrate albumin and calcium assessment, along with other nutritional assessment tools, to achieve an accurate diagnosis and timely nutritional intervention in patients with chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis. The research highlighted the importance of a comprehensive approach to managing the nutritional complexity of this condition.