Evaluación radiográfica de pacientes con Diabetes Mellitus y lesiones periapicales con control a 1 año.

Abstract

Introduction: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is recognized as a chronic metabolic disease characterized by persistently elevated blood glucose levels, resulting from reduced insulin sensitivity or inadequate hormone secretion. When poorly controlled, this condition can affect various body systems, including the oral cavity. Objective: To evaluate the radiographic evolution of patients with Diabetes Mellitus and periapical lesions with a one- year follow-up. Materials and Methods: This was an analytical case-control study with a one-year follow-up. A retrospective approach was used, based on clinical and radiographic records of individuals diagnosed with apical periodontitis. The sample included 46 teeth with periapical lesions, divided into two groups: 23 in the case group (patients with DM) and 23 in the control group (without the disease). Resultados: A total of 46 teeth were analyzed, evenly distributed between the type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM2) group and the control group. The initial radiographic size of the periapical lesions was comparable between the two groups (21.22 vs. 25.78; p = 0.170). After one year, both groups exhibited the same proportion of radiographic success (60.9%). The uncertainty category reached 30.4% in patients with DM2 and 34.8% in the controls. Cases classified as failures corresponded to 8.7% in the DM2 group and 4.3% in the control group. The characteristics of the endodontic treatment showed similar distributions, with no evident differences between groups. Regarding the final restoration, fillings rated as good were observed in 73.9% of the control group and 65.2% of the DM2 group. No statistically significant relationship was found between this variable and clinical outcomes (χ² = 0.687; p > 0.05). Conclusión: Individuals with type 2 DM exhibited a radiographic evolution of periapical lesions equivalent to that of the controls after one year. Initial measurements, therapeutic outcomes, and factors related to endodontic treatment and final restoration showed comparable proportions in both populations.