Diseño de un programa ergonómico para prevenir enfermedades musculoesqueléticas en el personal del área de digitación de una bodega : análisis de riesgos y técnicas ergonómicas.

Abstract

This study addresses the issue of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) affecting warehouse data-entry personnel, caused by awkward postures, repetitive movements, and lack of active breaks. These conditions generate discomfort in the neck, lower back, and wrists, impacting workers’ health and productivity. A mixed-method approach was applied, combining qualitative methods (interviews, observations, and focus groups) and quantitative methods (structured surveys, the Nordic questionnaire, and RULA and REBA assessments). The sample included nine data-entry workers. Musculoskeletal symptoms and work postures were analyzed, complemented by descriptive and inferential statistical techniques (ANOVA). The Nordic questionnaire revealed that the lumbar region and wrists were the most affected, while elbows and hips showed no significant symptoms. The REBA method yielded an average score of 7.6, classifying the risk as high. Surveys indicated deficiencies in furniture (lack of lumbar support, inappropriate screen height) and scarce implementation of active breaks. It is concluded that the identified ergonomic factors directly influence the occurrence of musculoskeletal discomfort. The absence of suitable furniture and preventive programs increases the risk of MSDs. The research highlights the importance of implementing a comprehensive ergonomic program that includes training, active breaks, participatory ergonomics, and appropriate equipment. This would improve occupational health, enhance productivity, and foster a preventive culture within the organization.