Prevalencia de tuberculosis en pacientes pediátricos con VIH del servicio de infectología del hospital Dr. Francisco de Icaza Bustamante durante el periodo 2019 – 2024.

Abstract

Introduction: Tuberculosis in children with HIV is a common coinfection with a high clinical impact due to the immunological vulnerability of this population. This relationship worsens the prognosis and requires timely detection and management in high-burden settings. Objective: To determine the prevalence of tuberculosis in pediatric patients with HIV in the infectious disease service of Dr. Francisco de Icaza Bustamante Hospital during the period 2019-2024. Methodology: This research study has an observational, descriptive, cross- sectional, and descriptive design. Results: We analyzed 124 pediatric patients with HIV treated between 2019 and 2024 at the Dr. Francisco de Icaza Bustamante Hospital, finding a tuberculosis prevalence of 29.8%. Most patients were female (61.3%), with an average age of 6.54 years and urban origin (65.3%). The most frequent degree of immunosuppression was moderate (46%), and pneumonia was the most common comorbidity (41.9%). Seventy-point-two percent showed high adherence to antiretroviral treatment, and 62.9% had normal nutritional status. Pulmonary tuberculosis was the predominant clinical presentation (62.2%). In terms of coinfection, pulmonary tuberculosis accounted for 23 coinfected cases, while extrapulmonary, meningeal, lymph node, and pericardial forms, although less frequent, had a higher proportion of coinfection. Conclusion: Tuberculosis and HIV infection in pediatric patients constitute an important public health problem at the local level, especially due to the prevalence of extrapulmonary tuberculosis.