Incidencia de trastornos tiroideos en pacientes de 45 a 65 años recuperados de COVID-19 en el Hospital Teodoro Maldonado Carbo durante el período 2022-2023.

Abstract

Introduction: SARS-CoV-2 can affect the thyroid gland due to its affinity for the ACE2 receptor, causing thyroid dysfunction. These alterations may occur during or after infection. Cases of thyroiditis and transient or permanent thyroid disorders have been reported. Objective: To evaluate the incidence of thyroid disorders in patients aged 45 to 65 years who recovered from COVID-19 at the Teodoro Maldonado Carbo Hospital during the period 2022-2023. Methodology: This research study is descriptive, observational, cross- sectional, and retrospective in design. Results: Of the 236 patients who recovered from COVID-19, 36.9% had some type of thyroid disorder, with hypothyroidism being the most common (11.9%), followed by sick euthyroid syndrome (9.7%) and subacute thyroiditis (8.1%). Of the patients with thyroid disorders, 72.4% were women and 48.3% were between 45 and 50 years of age. A significant association was found between the severity of the infection and thyroid disorders, which were present in 66.7% of severe cases. A relationship was also found with dyslipidemia (17.3% of cases with disorders), metabolic syndrome (28.9%), high blood pressure (22.3%), and type 2 diabetes (29.2%). No association was found with obesity (p = 0.246). Conclusion: Thyroid dysfunction was common in patients who recovered from COVID-19, especially in women, with hypothyroidism predominating. Its onset was associated with greater severity of infection and comorbidities such as dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes.