Prevalencia de preeclampsia y eclampsia en adolescentes embarazadas de 12 a 19 años en el Hospital General Universitario de Guayaquil durante el año 2024.

Abstract

Preeclampsia and eclampsia represent a significant public health problem worldwide, especially in developing countries. Extreme maternal ages are among the most relevant risk factors for these hypertensive disorders during pregnancy. Given the high rate of adolescents’ pregnancies in our setting, it is important to investigate how these conditions behave in this age group. The objective of this research is to analyze the prevalence of preeclampsia and eclampsia in pregnant adolescents aged 12 to 19 at the Hospital General Universitario de Guayaquil during the year 2024. This study, conducted with a quantitative approach and classified as observational, longitudinal, retrospective, and descriptive, was based on data provided by the Hospital mentioned before. The results showed that the prevalence of preeclampsia and eclampsia was 83.84% and 25.69%, respectively, with unspecified preeclampsia being the most common diagnosis (33.94%). The most predominant age range was 19 – 19 years, accounting for 51 cases. Additionally, it was found that 33.33% of patients initially diagnosed with preeclampsia progressed to eclampsia; however, no significant association was found between older maternal aged and clinical progression (OR 1.13). These findings help us better understand the behavior of the conditions in a vulnerable population, emphasizing the need to strengthen preventive measures.