Caracterización de vasculitis por IgA en niños con rango de edad de 0 a 5 años del Hospital Francisco Icaza Bustamante durante el año 2019 al 2024.

Abstract

is a group of rare conditions, also known as angiitis, that damage blood vessels by causing inflammation or swelling. Vasculitis can affect blood vessels of any size and type, anywhere in the body. Possible triggers of this inflammation include infections, trauma, some medications, and autoimmune and even neoplastic disorders. The annual incidence in children ranges between 10-20 cases per 100,000 inhabitants, while in adults it is less common, with rates of 0.8-2.2 per 100,000. There is a seasonal pattern, with more cases observed between September and April. Genetic factors, such as associations with specific HLA alleles (e.g., HLA-DRB101), and environmental factors, such as previous respiratory infections, are considered key triggers. Focusing on IgA vasculitis, it is the most common vasculitis in children. Classic symptoms include palpable purpura (100%), arthritis or arthralgia (35-40%), abdominal pain (10-40%), and renal involvement manifested as hematuria or proteinuria (10-55%). The disease is usually self-limiting but can recur, especially in renal and gastrointestinal involvement. Children under 10 years of age are at higher risk for arthritis, while older children present more severe renal complications, such as glomerulonephritis. The objective of this research was to establish the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of IgA vasculitis in children between 0 and 5 years of age at the Francisco Icaza Bustamante Hospital during the years 2019 to 2024. Regarding the Methodology, it had a non-experimental, observational, and descriptive design.