Prevalencia de perforación timpánica traumática en pacientes con otitis media aguda atendidos en el Hospital General Guasmo Sur en el periodo 2022 al 2024.

Abstract

Introduction. Acute otitis media is one of the most common childhood infections and a leading cause of medical consultations and antibiotic prescriptions worldwide. Traumatic tympanic membrane perforations tend to heal spontaneously, although larger perforations may require longer healing times. Objective. To determine the prevalence of traumatic tympanic membrane perforation in patients with acute otitis media treated at the Guasmo Sur General Hospital from 2022 to 2024. Methodology. This was a descriptive, cross-sectional, retrospective, observational study. Results. Of the total number of patients, 61.7% (n=29) were women, with a mean age of 39.77 years (±21.39); Twenty-five percent were under 19 years of age, and 75% were under 61. The prevalence of tympanic perforation was 29%, with 72.3% being single and 27.7% multiple. The majority had central perforations (51%, n=24), followed by total (19%), marginal (17%), and subtotal (14%). Conductive hearing loss was present in 57.5% of cases, without hearing loss in 34%, and mixed in 8.5%. Regarding hearing loss, 34.04% had no hearing loss, 27.65% had mild hearing loss, 25.53% had moderate hearing loss, and 12.77% had severe hearing loss. Conclusion: The majority of patients with acute otitis media and tympanic perforation had hearing loss, with conductive hearing loss being more common. Central perforations were the most common, and although some had no hearing loss, others had mild to severe hearing loss.