Prevalencia de insuficiencia renal aguda en pacientes con quemaduras mayores al 20% de superficie corporal en el Hospital General del Norte IESS “Los Ceibos” en el periodo 2022-2024.

Abstract

Introduction: Burns represents a medical problem with high morbidity and mortality. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is the most frequent and severe complication; it is also a poor prognostic factor. An association between burn injury extent and acute kidney injury has been proven. Due to lack of scientific interest, the authors do not report on this area of study. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of acute kidney injury in patients with burns exceeding 20% of body surface area at the Hospital General del Norte IESS “Los Ceibos” during the period 2022-2024. Methodology: This is an observational, cross- sectional, and retrospective study with a sample of 173 patients with burns exceeding 20% of total body surface area. Results: The average age is 38.32 ± 16.83 years. 69.94% are male. The average total body surface area (TBSA) is 27 ± 5%. Diabetes mellitus, obesity, smoking, and high blood pressure are risk factors for AKI. The prevalence of AKI is 37.57%, with 61.54% having AKIN stage II, and early-onset AKI predominated. Dialysis therapy was required in 60%. Patients with burns greater than 40% TSS were at increased risk for AKI, with hypovolemic shock being the most common cause. The overall mortality rate in burn patients is 144 per 1,000 patients. Conclusion: The mortality risk for burn patients increases with the onset of acute kidney injury (AKI).