Riesgo de hipertensión y enfermedad cardiovascular en mujeres con historial de preeclampsia en el Hospital Teodoro Maldonado Carbo 2019-2024. Una cohorte retrospectiva.

Abstract

Preeclampsia is a pregnancy complication linked to increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, but evidence in Latin American populations is limited. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 382 women with prior preeclampsia at Hospital Teodoro Maldonado Carbo in 2019, with 5-year follow-up. CVD prevalence and associated factors were analyzed using multivariate models. Results: During follow-up, 17 women developed CVD (4.45%). The most frequent conditions were chronic hypertension, coronary heart disease, heart failure, venous thromboembolism, and stroke. Preeclampsia was not significantly associated with CVD (RR=0.60; OR=0.53; p=0.283). Multiparity was an independent risk factor (OR=2.54; 95%CI: 2.05–3.16; p<0.001), while cesarean delivery showed a protective effect (OR=0.49; p=0.0047). Maternal age was not significant (p=0.074). Conclusions: In this Ecuadorian cohort, preeclampsia was not an independent predictor of CVD at five years, but multiparity significantly increased risk. Structured postpartum surveillance programs are needed, focusing on women with high-risk reproductive profiles.