Síndrome de burnout en profesionales de salud de Ecuador : riesgo físico-mental y su impacto en el entorno laboral y familiar (2008–2025).

Abstract

Introduction: Burnout syndrome is an occupational disorder caused by chronic work-related stress, recognized by the WHO. It affects health, professional performance, and generates economic costs. This study analyzes its impact on Ecuadorian physicians, including physical and mental risks, and its labor, family, and social consequences. Materials and Methods: A narrative synthesis review with a quantitative approach was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. The search was carried out in PubMed and SciELO (2008-2025), in both Spanish and English, prioritizing studies with statistical analyses, such as correlation tests and odds ratios. Results: Cynicism showed a significant association with the deterioration of the physician-patient relationship, mediated by an indirect effect (z = -0.283). A strong positive correlation was observed between burnout and job performance (ρ = 0.843, p < 0.001). Furthermore, high emotional exhaustion was identified as a significant psychosocial risk factor for the deterioration of family life, explaining 71% of the variance. In the burnout subgroup, 40% of physicians presented mild to moderate family dysfunction, suggesting a clinically relevant impact despite the moderate statistical magnitude (r² = 0.058). Discussion: Burnout negatively affects the physician-patient relationship, job performance, and family life, reducing empathy and increasing medical errors. Focused interventions are required. Conclusion: Burnout represents a risk factor for the biopsychosocial integrity of the professional, justifying the implementation of evidence-based preventive strategies and early intervention.